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【Python爬虫案例学习】分析Ajax请求并抓取今日头条街拍图片
发布于2019-08-07 09:50 阅读(865) 评论(0) 点赞(1) 收藏(5)
1.抓取索引页内容
利用requests请求目标站点，得到索引网页HTML代码，返回结果。
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from requests.exceptions import RequestException
import requests
'''
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'''
def get_page_index(offset, keyword):
headers = { 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36' }
data = {
'format': 'json',
'offset': offset,
'keyword': keyword,
'autoload': 'true',
'count': 20,
'cur_tab': 1,
'from': 'search_tab',
'pd': 'synthesis',
}
url = 'https://www.toutiao.com/search_content/?' + urlencode(data)
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers);
try:
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
return None
except RequestException:
print('请求索引页失败')
return None
def main():
html = get_page_index(0,'街拍')
print(html)
if __name__=='__main__':
main()2.抓取详情页内容
解析返回结果，得到详情页的链接，并进一步抓取详情页的信息。
- 获取页面网址：
def parse_page_index(html):
data = json.loads(html)
if data and 'data' in data.keys():
for item in data.get('data'):
yield item.get('article_url')- 单个页面代码：
def get_page_detail(url):
headers = { 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36' }
try:
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
return None
except RequestException:
print('请求详情页页失败')
return None- 图片地址
def parse_page_detail(html,url):
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
title = soup.select('title')[0].get_text()
images_pattern = re.compile('gallery: JSON.parse\((.*?)\)', re.S)
result = re.search(images_pattern, html)
if result:
data = json.loads(result.group(1))
data = json.loads(data) #将字符串转为dict，因为报错了
if data and 'sub_images' in data.keys():
sub_images = data.get('sub_images')
images = [item.get('url') for item in sub_images]
for image in images: download_image(image)
return {
'title': title,
'images':images,
'url':url
}3.下载图片与保存数据库
将图片下载到本地，并把页面信息及图片URL保存到MongDB。
# 存到数据库
def save_to_mongo(result):
if db[MONGO_TABLE].insert(result):
print('存储到MongoDb成功', result)
return True
return False
# 下载图片
def download_image(url):
print('正在下载',url)
headers = { 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537. 36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36' }
try:
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
if response.status_code == 200:
save_image(response.content)
return None
except RequestException:
print('请求图片失败', url)
return None
def save_image(content):
file_path = '{0}/{1}.{2}'.format(os.getcwd(),md5(content).hexdigest(),'jpg')
if not os.path.exists(file_path):
with open(file_path,'wb') as f:
f.write(content)4.开启循环及多线程
对多页内容遍历，开启多线程提高抓取速度。
groups = [x*20 for x in range(GROUP_START, GROUP_END+1)]
pool = Pool()
pool.map(main,groups)完整代码：
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from requests.exceptions import RequestException
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from hashlib import md5
from multiprocessing import Pool
from config import *
import pymongo
import requests
import json
import re
import os
'''
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'''
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGO_URL)
db = client[MONGO_DB]
def get_page_index(offset, keyword):
headers = { 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36' }
data = { 'format': 'json','offset': offset,'keyword': keyword,'autoload': 'true','count': 20,'cur_tab': 1,'from': 'search_tab','pd': 'synthesis' }
url = 'https://www.toutiao.com/search_content/?' + urlencode(data)
try:
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
return None
except RequestException:
print('请求索引页失败')
return None
def parse_page_index(html):
data = json.loads(html)
if data and 'data' in data.keys():
for item in data.get('data'):
yield item.get('article_url')
def get_page_detail(url):
headers = { 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36' }
try:
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
return None
except RequestException:
print('请求详情页页失败')
return None
def parse_page_detail(html,url):
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
title = soup.select('title')[0].get_text()
images_pattern = re.compile('gallery: JSON.parse\((.*?)\)', re.S)
result = re.search(images_pattern, html)
if result:
data = json.loads(result.group(1))
data = json.loads(data) #将字符串转为dict，因为报错了
if data and 'sub_images' in data.keys():
sub_images = data.get('sub_images')
images = [item.get('url') for item in sub_images]
for image in images: download_image(image)
return {
'title': title,
'images':images,
'url':url
}
def save_to_mongo(result):
if db[MONGO_TABLE].insert(result):
print('存储到MongoDb成功', result)
return True
return False
def download_image(url):
print('正在下载',url)
headers = { 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537. 36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36' }
try:
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
if response.status_code == 200:
save_image(response.content)
return None
except RequestException:
print('请求图片失败', url)
return None
def save_image(content):
file_path = '{0}/{1}.{2}'.format(os.getcwd(),md5(content).hexdigest(),'jpg')
if not os.path.exists(file_path):
with open(file_path,'wb') as f:
f.write(content)
def main(offset):
html = get_page_index(offset,KEYWORD)
for url in parse_page_index(html):
html = get_page_detail(url)
if html:
result = parse_page_detail(html,url)
if isinstance(result,dict):
save_to_mongo(result)
if __name__=='__main__':
groups = [x*20 for x in range(GROUP_START, GROUP_END+1)]
pool = Pool()
pool.map(main,groups)config.py
MONGO_URL = 'localhost'
MONGO_DB = 'toutiao'
MONGO_TABLE = 'jiepai'
GROUP_START = 1
GROUP_END = 20
KEYWORD = '街拍'
~ 所属网站分类: 技术文章 > 博客
作者：紫薇
链接：https://www.pythonheidong.com/blog/article/9530/dc61e9b6cd6b3c2e3541/
来源：python黑洞网
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